True Brand Loyalty Essay Example For Students

True Brand Loyalty Essay Word Count: 1633 Introduction A companys main question in relation to selling their products or services use do be: ,,How do I get people to buy my product? Nowadays companies still greatly appreciate the answer to this question but they have also realized that getting customers is not the only thing they need to do. In todays rapidly moving world consumers dont stick with products for life. Advertisements and an increased feeling of independence have created consumers that will switch brands or products as soon as the feel the need to do so. What companys look for in this consumer environment is creating a so-called brand loyalty. This paper will explore the ways companies go about in creating this brand loyalty and it will investigate the circumstances and effects that come with it. We will write a custom essay on True Brand Loyalty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It will start of by thoroughly explaining what brand loyalty exactly is. After that an overview of key success factors stimulating brand loyalty will be given and we will have a look at how these factors are influenced by different conditions. Examples will be provided. The relationships between brand loyalty and brand commitment and satisfaction will be explored. Finally a conclusion will be reached on how important brand loyalty is to companies and for what reasons. What is Brand Loyalty? Before one can give a definition of brand loyalty one first has to make the distinction between repeat purchasing behavior and brand loyalty. Repeat purchasing behavior is the actual rebuying of a brand. So the behavioral aspect of this action. Brand loyalty also includes that behaviors antecedents. This means the reason or fact occurring before the behavior. When talking about brand loyalty we can yet again make a distinction between two types: On the one hand we have spurious brand loyalty and on the other . The former was defined by Bloemer and Kasper as the (1) biased (2) behavioral response (3) expressed over time (4) by some decision-making unit (5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brand, (6) which is a function of inertia. The key word here is inertia meaning without commitment towards the brand. Their definition the latter, and the most important one in this paper, is exactly the same on the first five points but differs for the sixth adding is a function of psychological (decision making, evaluative) processes resulting in brand commitment. In this definition brand commitment is the key word. In laymens words True Brand Loyalty Essay refers to consumers sticking with a brand out of feelings of commitment towards that brand. For instance, when you bought a tube of Prodent toothpaste and you found it ok, you will not have to spend any valuable time on looking for other toothpaste brands, because you are already familiar with it. However, for a more brand-loyalty-sensitive product class like beer, the probability that a consumer will stick to one brand (like Grolsch Beer) is much higher. In the next paragraph we will now look at the relation between brand commitment and brand loyalty. Brand commitment Brand loyalty is based on the amount of brand commitment. The amount of commitment is not fixed, but can be considered as a continuum. The amount of commitment is based on the type of brand satisfaction. In this article, two types of satisfaction are taken into account. For the sake of this paper, a distinction has to be made between manifest and latent brand satisfaction. First, what is brand satisfaction? Bloemer defines it as the outcome of the subjective evaluation that the chosen alternative (the brand) meets or exceeds the expectations (pp 314). Bloemer then makes a distinction between manifest and latent satisfaction. The distinction basically rests on the degree of elaboration. This in turn depends on the level of motivation and capacity that a certain consumer needs in order to evaluate the product. Manifest satisfaction is the result of a high degree of elaboration. Latent satisfaction is based on the fact that the consumer is not fully aware of his/her satisfaction, because of a lack of motivation and/or ability of the consumer to evaluate his/her brand choice (pp. .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd , .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd .postImageUrl , .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd , .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd:hover , .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd:visited , .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd:active { border:0!important; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd:active , .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c3d9bdbca41a1dc09e75c517fff54cd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Challenges of Life Essay315). The linkage between satisfaction and brand loyalty Many literatures have been written on the relation between brand loyalty and consumer . True Brand Loyalty Essay Example For Students True Brand Loyalty Essay Introduction A companys main question in relation to selling their products or services use do be: ,,How do I get people to buy my product? Nowadays companies still greatly appreciate the answer to this question but they have also realized that getting customers is not the only thing they need to do. In todays rapidly moving world consumers dont stick with products for life. Advertisements and an increased feeling of independence have created consumers that will switch brands or products as soon as the feel the need to do so. What companys look for in this consumer environment is creating a so-called brand loyalty. This paper will explore the ways companies go about in creating this brand loyalty and it will investigate the circumstances and effects that come with it. We will write a custom essay on True Brand Loyalty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It will start of by thoroughly explaining what brand loyalty exactly is. After that an overview of key success factors stimulating brand loyalty will be given and we will have a look at how these factors are influenced by different conditions. Examples will be provided. The relationships between brand loyalty and brand commitment and satisfaction will be explored. Finally a conclusion will be reached on how important brand loyalty is to companies and for what reasons. What is Brand Loyalty? Before one can give a definition of brand loyalty one first has to make the distinction between repeat purchasing behavior and brand loyalty. Repeat purchasing behavior is the actual rebuying of a brand. So the behavioral aspect of this action. Brand loyalty also includes that behaviors antecedents. This means the reason or fact occurring before the behavior. When talking about brand loyalty we can yet again make a distinction between two types: On the one hand we have spurious brand loyalty and on the other True Brand Loyalty Essay. The former was defined by Bloemer and Kasper as the (1) biased (2) behavioral response (3) expressed over time (4) by some decision-making unit (5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brand, (6) which is a function of inertia. The key word here is inertia meaning without commitment towards the brand. Their definition the latter, and the most important one in this paper, is exactly the same on the first five points but differs for the sixth adding is a function of psychological (decision making, evaluative) processes resulting in brand commitment. In this definition brand commitment is the key word. In laymens words true brand loyalty refers to consumers sticking with a brand out of feelings of commitment towards that brand. For instance, when you bought a tube of Prodent toothpaste and you found it ok, you will not have to spend any valuable time on looking for other toothpaste brands, because you are already familiar with it. However, for a more brand-loyalty-sensitive product class like beer, the probability that a consumer will stick to one brand (like Grolsch Beer) is much higher. In the next paragraph we will now look at the relation between brand commitment and brand loyalty. Brand commitment Brand loyalty is based on the amount of brand commitment. The amount of commitment is not fixed, but can be considered as a continuum. The amount of commitment is based on the type of brand satisfaction. In this article, two types of satisfaction are taken into account. For the sake of this paper, a distinction has to be made between manifest and latent brand satisfaction. First, what is brand satisfaction? Bloemer defines it as the outcome of the subjective evaluation that the chosen alternative (the brand) meets or exceeds the expectations (pp 314). Bloemer then makes a distinction between manifest and latent satisfaction. The distinction basically rests on the degree of elaboration. This in turn depends on the level of motivation and capacity that a certain consumer needs in order to evaluate the product. Manifest satisfaction is the result of a high degree of elaboration. Latent satisfaction is based on the fact that the consumer is not fully aware of his/her satisfaction, because of a lack of motivation and/or ability of the consumer to evaluate his/her brand choice (pp. .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 , .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 .postImageUrl , .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 , .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912:hover , .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912:visited , .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912:active { border:0!important; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912:active , .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912 .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u446c257bf6693490d3a0e0cc73ae9912:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Atomic Bomb Essay315). The linkage between satisfaction and brand loyalty Many literatures have been written on the relation between brand loyalty and consumer . True Brand Loyalty Essay Example For Students True Brand Loyalty Essay Introduction A companys main question in relation to selling their products or services use do be: ,,How do I get people to buy my product? Nowadays companies still greatly appreciate the answer to this question but they have also realized that getting customers is not the only thing they need to do. In todays rapidly moving world consumers dont stick with products for life. Advertisements and an increased feeling of independence have created consumers that will switch brands or products as soon as the feel the need to do so. What companys look for in this consumer environment is creating a so-called brand loyalty. This paper will explore the ways companies go about in creating this brand loyalty and it will investigate the circumstances and effects that come with it. We will write a custom essay on True Brand Loyalty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It will start of by thoroughly explaining what brand loyalty exactly is. After that an overview of key success factors stimulating brand loyalty will be given and we will have a look at how these factors are influenced by different conditions. Examples will be provided. The relationships between brand loyalty and brand commitment and satisfaction will be explored. Finally a conclusion will be reached on how important brand loyalty is to companies and for what reasons. What is Brand Loyalty? Before one can give a definition of brand loyalty one first has to make the distinction between repeat purchasing behavior and brand loyalty. Repeat purchasing behavior is the actual rebuying of a brand. So the behavioral aspect of this action. Brand loyalty also includes that behaviors antecedents. This means the reason or fact occurring before the behavior. When talking about brand loyalty we can yet again make a distinction between two types: On the one hand we have spurious brand loyalty and on the other True Brand Loyalty Essay. The former was defined by Bloemer and Kasper as the (1) biased (2) behavioral response (3) expressed over time (4) by some decision-making unit (5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brand, (6) which is a function of inertia. The key word here is inertia meaning without commitment towards the brand. Their definition the latter, and the most important one in this paper, is exactly the same on the first five points but differs for the sixth adding is a function of psychological (decision making, evaluative) processes resulting in brand commitment. In this definition brand commitment is the key word. In laymens words true brand loyalty refers to consumers sticking with a brand out of feelings of commitment towards that brand. For instance, when you bought a tube of Prodent toothpaste and you found it ok, you will not have to spend any valuable time on looking for other toothpaste brands, because you are already familiar with it. However, for a more brand-loyalty-sensitive product class like beer, the probability that a consumer will stick to one brand (like Grolsch Beer) is much higher. In the next paragraph we will now look at the relation between brand commitment and brand loyalty. Brand commitment Brand loyalty is based on the amount of brand commitment. The amount of commitment is not fixed, but can be considered as a continuum. The amount of commitment is based on the type of brand satisfaction. In this article, two types of satisfaction are taken into account. For the sake of this paper, a distinction has to be made between manifest and latent brand satisfaction. First, what is brand satisfaction? Bloemer defines it as the outcome of the subjective evaluation that the chosen alternative (the brand) meets or exceeds the expectations (pp 314). Bloemer then makes a distinction between manifest and latent satisfaction. The distinction basically rests on the degree of elaboration. This in turn depends on the level of motivation and capacity that a certain consumer needs in order to evaluate the product. Manifest satisfaction is the result of a high degree of elaboration. Latent satisfaction is based on the fact that the consumer is not fully aware of his/her satisfaction, because of a lack of motivation and/or ability of the consumer to evaluate his/her brand choice (pp. .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 , .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 .postImageUrl , .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 , .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26:hover , .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26:visited , .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26:active { border:0!important; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26:active , .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26 .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua223d99b7bf6f133bc4282243a011c26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: About us Essay315). The linkage between satisfaction and brand loyalty Many literatures have been written on the relation between brand loyalty and consumer . True Brand Loyalty Essay Example For Students True Brand Loyalty Essay Introduction A companys main question in relation to selling their products or services use do be: ,,How do I get people to buy my product? Nowadays companies still greatly appreciate the answer to this question but they have also realized that getting customers is not the only thing they need to do. In todays rapidly moving world consumers dont stick with products for life. Advertisements and an increased feeling of independence have created consumers that will switch brands or products as soon as the feel the need to do so. What companys look for in this consumer environment is creating a so-called brand loyalty. This paper will explore the ways companies go about in creating this brand loyalty and it will investigate the circumstances and effects that come with it. We will write a custom essay on True Brand Loyalty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It will start of by thoroughly explaining what brand loyalty exactly is. After that an overview of key success factors stimulating brand loyalty will be given and we will have a look at how these factors are influenced by different conditions. Examples will be provided. The relationships between brand loyalty and brand commitment and satisfaction will be explored. Finally a conclusion will be reached on how important brand loyalty is to companies and for what reasons. What is Brand Loyalty? Before one can give a definition of brand loyalty one first has to make the distinction between repeat purchasing behavior and brand loyalty. Repeat purchasing behavior is the actual rebuying of a brand. So the behavioral aspect of this action. Brand loyalty also includes that behaviors antecedents. This means the reason or fact occurring before the behavior. When talking about brand loyalty we can yet again make a distinction between two types: On the one hand we have spurious brand loyalty and on the other True Brand Loyalty Essay. The former was defined by Bloemer and Kasper as the (1) biased (2) behavioral response (3) expressed over time (4) by some decision-making unit (5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brand, (6) which is a function of inertia. The key word here is inertia meaning without commitment towards the brand. Their definition the latter, and the most important one in this paper, is exactly the same on the first five points but differs for the sixth adding is a function of psychological (decision making, evaluative) processes resulting in brand commitment. In this definition brand commitment is the key word. In laymens words true brand loyalty refers to consumers sticking with a brand out of feelings of commitment towards that brand. For instance, when you bought a tube of Prodent toothpaste and you found it ok, you will not have to spend any valuable time on looking for other toothpaste brands, because you are already familiar with it. However, for a more brand-loyalty-sensitive product class like beer, the probability that a consumer will stick to one brand (like Grolsch Beer) is much higher. In the next paragraph we will now look at the relation between brand commitment and brand loyalty. Brand commitment Brand loyalty is based on the amount of brand commitment. The amount of commitment is not fixed, but can be considered as a continuum. The amount of commitment is based on the type of brand satisfaction. In this article, two types of satisfaction are taken into account. For the sake of this paper, a distinction has to be made between manifest and latent brand satisfaction. First, what is brand satisfaction? Bloemer defines it as the outcome of the subjective evaluation that the chosen alternative (the brand) meets or exceeds the expectations (pp 314). Bloemer then makes a distinction between manifest and latent satisfaction. The distinction basically rests on the degree of elaboration. This in turn depends on the level of motivation and capacity that a certain consumer needs in order to evaluate the product. Manifest satisfaction is the result of a high degree of elaboration. Latent satisfaction is based on the fact that the consumer is not fully aware of his/her satisfaction, because of a lack of motivation and/or ability of the consumer to evaluate his/her brand choice (pp. .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba , .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba .postImageUrl , .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba , .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba:hover , .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba:visited , .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba:active { border:0!important; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba:active , .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1e1bc29cd77e067bbee491ac6c4536ba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wuthering Heights (784 words) Essay315). The linkage between satisfaction and brand loyalty Many literatures have been written on the relation between brand loyalty and consumer .

The eNotes Blog These Are a Few of My FavoriteThings

These Are a Few of My FavoriteThings Its almost a new year, let the embarrassing work Christmas parties commence and the Auld Lang Synes ring! For my part, Id like to say farewell to 2012 and herald 2013 with a list of favorite things I discovered or enjoyed this past year, for the most part online. Hopefully youll agree that this collection has a little something for everyone: students, teachers, avid readers, art admirers, humorists, or simply the  perennially  curious. Working for I try my best to promote learning at every age. I strongly feel that if you cannot participate in a classroom, you should at least maintain an active level of curiosity and wonder about the world around you. With the many information-grabbing, curio-snapping sites below, youll never be at a loss for tools of learning and instruction 1. Brain Pickings Its not hard to imagine the Internet as a museum of wonders. Its much harder to imagine oneself as the curator of such an exhibit. Enter superwoman Maria Popova, interestingness hunter-gatherer and curious mind at large and creator of the wonderful blog Brain Pickings, the site that collects everything funny, captivating, and obscure from the far corners of the interweb for your consumption. Without Brain Pickings this year I would not have learnt of Salvador Dalis struggle between skepticism and faith, or of  how to talk about books I havent read, or book spine poetry  and how to dabble in it myself. Brain Pickings  is a human-powered discovery engine for interestingness, culling and curating cross-disciplinary curiosity-quenchers, and separating the signal from the noise to bring you things you didn’t know you were interested in until you are  Brain Pickings  is your LEGO treasure chest, full of pieces across art, design, science, technology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, you-name-itology. 2. Underground New York Public Library As the Sartorialist does for the fashion conscious, UNYPL documents in photographs the penchants of everyday people in a bustling metropolis, the difference being that creator Ourit Ben-Haim is more interested in what youre reading than who youre wearing. If youre looking for book recommendations hot off the pavement, this blog is the place to find them. And if youre looking for the picture of a kid grossed out by reading Fifty Shades, that can be arranged too. But the best part about UNYPL (besides the also stellar visuals themselves) is that beneath every caption telling you what the subject is reading, youll find links to either Read by purchasing the book online or Borrow the book from your local library (via the very handy WorldCat library network service). Youll find works you never knew existed, not only in a New York subway, but right outside your front door, too. The photos come together as a visual library. This library freely lends out a reminder that we’re capable of traveling to great depths within ourselves and as a whole. 3. What a year for literary adaptations! Yes, books are adapted for the silver screen all the time, but in 2012 the results really stuck out for me, either for their ambitious undertakings (naysayers said Cloud Atlas and Life of Pi could never be made into films) or for their daring takes on old classics (such as the stage play-esque adaptation of Anna Karenina and the forthcoming 3D red curtain spin on The Great Gatsby). Its also the year that most of the Internet fell in love with the British series Sherlock, a modern-day adaptation of the Holmes mystery series (and precursor to CBSs Elementary). There are so many more books worth a mention here Cosmopolis, The Hobbit, Great Expectations, On the Road,  The Perks of Being a Wallflower, Midnights Children come Oscar season, the awards will be dominated by films that were originally books. Watch out for a punch up over the Best Adapted Screenplay prize, not to mention the Best Visual Effects nod, as filmakers outdid themselves in 2012 to recreate the stunning landscapes of these  imaginative  novels. 4. S#@! My Students Write If you are or have ever been in charge of a classroom, youll likely have a few gems in your back pocket similar to the above. Now theres a tumblr account to collect other unintentionally hilarious snippets from teachers everywhere, and yes theyre all true. Even this one. And this one. You would not believe how much tumblr helped me waste time ahem, grow as a person this year. S#@! My Students Write:  Evidence of the true cost of educational funding cuts. 5. Quizzes Interestingly, a great way to counteract the above problem! This year we at released our very own collection of quizzes across hundreds of book titles. And because theyre all developed in-house, these quizzes contain thousands of unique questions geared towards helping students study for their literature tests. Theyre also a pretty fun way to kill a few minutes, or 30 Out of all of releases in 2012, Quizzes iss definitely my favorite, and its an area of the site we expect to grow and grow. If you havent checked it out yet, test your knowledge today to try and beat some of our top quiz takers. 6. TED Talks Okay, I admit, I must seem a little late to the game right now, but omg TED Talks!! I love you. Youre so great, you even made it into one of those futuristic teasers for the Prometheus movie. Where else could I learn about neo-evolution, how to 3D print a human kidney, or about  time-lapse nature photography  all in one place? I also believe that any site that allows you to sort through its video archives by Rated jaw-dropping must contain some very humbling stuff. If youve never visited TED before what are you doing with your life? Get on it now, or better, watch one of my favorite ever talks below: We believe passionately in the power of ideas to change attitudes, lives and ultimately, the world. So were building here a clearinghouse that offers free knowledge and inspiration from the worlds most inspired thinkers, and also a community of curious souls to engage with ideas and each other. Free knowledge for all! (If not a free pass to their annual TED Conferences, which will run you more than the cost of ten Coachella tickets. But hey, thats what the video archives are for.) If youre interested in keeping up to date with all the worlds brilliant ideas, this non-profit organization has a great blog to peruse, too. 7. Books on the Nightstand A podcast I discovered just this year, BOTNS is a great resource to turn to to stay ahead of the latest  book-selling  trends. Hosted by industry insiders Michael Kindness and Ann Kingman, the show offers lots of great conversation on new releases, mostly sorted into various categories (their holiday gift guide does a great job of this, collating best graphic novels, best non-fiction, best childrens lit, and so on into a neat gift-giving manual). Its because of this podcast that I picked up my current read, Age of Miracles, and have a lot more waiting on my Amazon wish list. Check out the show notes on their website  for lots of good end-of-year recommendations, plus info on their annual reading challenge and Booktopia Festival. 8. Twitterature Last but not least, if youve read any of my past posts you may have noticed my growing fascination this year with the idea of Twitterature. I was never a great supporter of Twitter until 2012I knew it was a good publicity tool, yes, but how could it actually work for me in my life? At best, I thought of tweets as glorified Facebook statuses, and the last thing I wanted to read on the Internet were the details of others lives eating chips and looking out windows. I do enough of that on my own, thank you very much. I also dont like this new word we have in our lexicon thanks to Twitter: hashtag. To me, its an ugly word that now, unfortunately, is somebodys ugly name. But I digress In May I encountered Jennifer Egans short story created purely for Twitter, Black Box. The installments, all published as tweets of 140 characters or less, read like a kind of poetry. It struck a chord with meif tweets reveal a persons thoughts, then perhaps narration is perfectly suited to Twitter? Luckily, authors across the world have taken this idea and run with it. At this years Twitter Fiction Festival, I encountered a variety of stories created purely for this new form, from the murder mystery narrated by three party guests Twitter accounts, to a retelling of Hardys  The Turn of the Screw, via the perspective of the nannys tweets. While I still may not hold a Twitter account personally, I am eager to see where this new avenue of literature leads to in 2013, especially in light of the latest Bridget Jones scoop.   Its always exciting to feel in the midst of a big change in the world of literature. Sure, tweeters may not make up the next Romantics, or Beats, or Angry Young Men, but they might, just might, be carving out a new form for a brave new literary world. Well, thats all from me until next year. Happy holidays, and a very happy 2013 to everyone! I hope this new year will be just as exciting as our last.

Preschool Childrens Reading Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Preschool Childrens Reading - Research Paper Example The importance of motivating children’s reading in information this technology era. Reading is integral in the process of educating children (Alderman, 2013). However, for children to read and study effectively they need an incentive that would lure them into the process (Brock et al., 2008). Therefore, the imperativeness of motivating their reading is of utmost importance (Blachowicz et al., 2006). The reading techniques, teaching procedures, curriculum contents and the aesthetic environment are also foremost. Technological factors can also be incorporated into reading with regard to the era of dynamic technological advancements (Brock et al., 2008). The significance of preschool educators in promoting children’s reading is highly related to children’s language, social, emotional, and aesthetic development (Becker, McElvany & Kortenbruck, 2010). While trying to promote children’s reading habits, the educator’s should take the popular language into consideration.Children are likely to enjoy readings that are encrypted in a language that they can easily relate to (Bishop et al., 2010). Understanding is integral in the reading process and relevant reading languages foster the children’s understanding of the materials that they are reading. Social and emotional aspects also have a bearing on children’s reading habits. Therefore, educators should consider the children’s attitudes towards reading because this is a core indicator of their emotions towards the same.

Afterimages and Token Identity Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Afterimages and Token Identity Theory - Essay Example I have just stared at a bright neon light bulb shaped like a cow for exactly one minute. When I close my eyes, I can see an afterimage of the cow, but it is changing colors and the shape is shifting somewhat. After a while, the image disappears entirely.To answer this question, there seems to be three logical positions for explaining what I see. First, there is the assertion that the afterimage doesn't exist at all. This position makes a certain amount of sense to me, because I understand that seeing requires the use of my eyes and that my eyes respond to light. If my eyes are closed, there is no light hitting them and I shouldn't be able see anything. This view is problematic for me, however, because I can still see the image before me. It may be changing colors and the shape may be shifting, but I can perceive it very clearly. If the image did not exist at all, then I wouldn't be able to see it. Therefore, since I can see it, it has to exist somewhere. The second position is that t he afterimage exists, but it isn't physical. I can accept this idea more easily than the first because it allows me to believe in the reality of what I see without having to prove that it exists in a physical sense. This view is also problematic, however, because it challenges my rationality; I am seeing the image when I shouldn't be able to. I can describe the changes in color and shape. Even though the image eventually goes away, I know that I continued to see it after I closed my eyes. I don't have a good explanation for why I can see it, however, because I know that it isn't physically possible for me to see it. To adopt this position, I have to explain why I can see something that is no longer there; and that isn't very logical. The third and final explanation for the afterimage is that it exists and that it is physical. On its face, this position gives me the most options for believing in the image that I see because I can attribute its reality to a physical process. Even thou gh I may not be able to explain exactly what is happening, this position allows me to assert that the image is real and that there is a rational physical or biological reason for it. Unfortunately, this position has its own difficulty with my understanding of vision. Even though I can describe the afterimage in terms of its shapes and colors, to assert that there is a physical reason violates what I know about the biological process of vision. I see with my eyes because light stimulates the nerves and those nerves transmit the image to my brain. If my eyes are closed, then I shouldn't be able to see anything because there is no light coming into my brain. Once I close my eyes, the neon cow cannot be truly seen because there is no more light being processed by my visual nerves. Determining the answer to this question is difficult because I have to balance what my eyes are seeing with what I know about vision. As Seager states in his discussion of token identity theory, "[t]he essential idea is that mental states are ascribed through the interpretation of behavior under the constraint of rationality" (54). My mental state of seeing the colored cow and interpreting its behavior is constrained by my own rational mind. My position. I will argue for position two, the view that the afterimage exists, but it is not physical. Even though this position has problems, I think this is the best explanation for the afterimage. First, the image exists for me. I see it, so that excludes position one, but there is no real physical reason to do so; which excludes

Information Technology for Business - Scenario analysis Essay

Information Technology for Business - Scenario analysis - Essay Example Podcasting has risen in terms of popularity and is still in the stages of infancy. This early stage in which the technology is currently places provides a lucrative opportunity for innovative firms to capitalize upon and develop devices as well as tools that may make it easier for consumers to use and allow companies to consider as a credible medium to enhance their businesses. One of the most important benefits of podcasting is that it allows information to be dissipated across in an effort to educate and influence audiences on a global scale. The possibility to download content allows users to be able to access the content whenever deemed necessary in addition to the advantage to be able to play any part of the content as required. Podcasting is an ideal avenue to generate revenue through sponsorship and advertising (Michael Woodland Geoghegan, Dan Klass, 2005). Companies recognize that marketing forms a vital tool of modern businesses and firms spend billions of dollars worth revenue just to promote the product within its customer base. Marketing experts such as Paul Campbell of Effective Podcasting acknowledges that Podcasting is being perceived by the industry as a new and encouraging opportunity for businesses and forecasts the podcast related market to grow by as much as 1000% over the coming 4 years. Podcasts are advantageous for businesses given the versatility and variety with which they can be developed as also the fact that podcasts can represent any kind of business or market segment with different and exclusive content. The latest technology in the development of Podcasts has helped companies advance from merely spamming their customers with unwanted advertisements and newsletters, thereby invoking the ire and lack of concern among customers for any such style of promotion. Podcasts provide a workaround from this ‘push promotion’ by enabling users to be able to listen to podcasts depending on their

Literature Review of biopsychosocial model of back pain

Literature Review of biopsychosocial model of back pain The bio psychosocial model is now widely accepted for the diagnosis and the management of multifaceted nature of pain. The bio psychosocial model of pain presents an integrated view of biological, psychological and socio cultural factors, which could occur in pain (Jull and Sterling 2009). Seventy-five percentages of individuals in the western world during their lifetime affected with acute or chronic low back pain, which leads to major cause of disability (Kirk et al.2005). Low back pain must be considered as a bio-psycho-social syndrome that consequently requires a multidisciplinary bio-psycho-social treatment approach. (Negrini et al .2008, p.55). The result of a dynamic interaction between psychological, social and patho- physiological factors of chronic pain makes difficulty for the individual patient to determine the pre-eminent factor in his experience of chronic pain, which emphases the importance of bio-psycho-social treatment approach (Kirk et al. 2005). European guidelines also recommend the bio-psycho-social treatment approach for the treatment of chronic low back pain (Balague et al .2007). 1.1 Rationale behind investigating this topic. In clinical area of practice, low back pain is a common health problem for both healthcare professionals and patients, which reflect the thought to find out the role of bio psychosocial perspective in assessment, diagnosis and treatment of chronic low back pain. This would lead us to better understanding of low back pain and pain in general. The aim of this assignment is to critically evaluate the available evidence regarding biopsychosocial model in relation to chronic low back pain. It will also reflect on clinical practice, taking into account the principles of evidence based practice. 2.0Literature review A literature search was carried out using the Science direct, Pub Med, Medline, Ovid, Cochrane and Google Scholar was undertaken for relevant studies in the last 5years and then extended into 10 years .the initial search did not yield enough evidence for assignment aim. The keyword search included :bio psychosocial approach, chronic low back pain, psychosocial factors, mood disorders and combination of key word also used. The search was limited to studies published in English and conducted in human beings. The strength of evidence was established using the Sacketsc hierarchy of evidence (1997) (Please see appendix 1). Each of the papers were analysed for validity and rigour according to the framework given by (Rees 1997, cited in Taylor 2009). (Please see appendix 2). Case history to relate to bio psychosocial model into clinical practise. Mrs smith 35 year old mother of one child, a health professional has been suffering from chronic back pain since 2006 to2008, who feels so depressed as she has some family problems (son was sick with heart problem) and problems with her manager at work (never agreeing with shift adaptation to look after the child). She went to see her GP and complete medical assessment was negative, started on analgesics .The conflict existed, which lead her into severe depression. In 2009 she went see a psychotherapist. The manger agreed with her job flexibility to look after the child, by the time childs condition improved lead her to less frequent and less intense episodes of pain. Like many other patients the patient had never considered the possibility of psychological or social factors for two years, which could contribute to her chronic pain. Mrs smith she was told by psychotherapist that any biological reason together with psychosocial concerns can exacerbate the experience of pain and she realized the contributing psychosocial factors to her pain gradually. As she was a health care professional she started to use coping mechanism effectively with the help of psychotherapist, which helped her to control her stress with subsequent less intense episodes of pain. In the light of the above case, one of the reasons that her medical treatment had failed to respond is because of the underlying psychosocial factors have been left un-addressed. The health care professionals should understand and exploit the bio psychosocial approach to the management of chronic pain will provide effective treatment modality for patients. The bio psychosocial model relates to chronic low back pain: Evidence from studies A systematic review of randomised controlled trials conducted by George (2008) ,to evaluate the effectiveness bio psychosocial approach for the management of chronic back pain .The study also aimed to evaluate the role of individual physiotherapist in bio psychosocial approach for treating for chronic back pain The result of the review was supporting bio psychosocial approach .The sample studies were 9 randomised control studies, where individual physiotherapist has major role in intervention. George (2008,p.4) The result demonstrated significance p The NNT odds ratio reported also showed clinical significance for the result. Compared results of different studies established generalisability and consistency (lack of heterogeneity) of study findings. The included studies were experimental studies and systematic review of experimental studies where intervention provided by individual physiotherapist with minimal support from other health professionals. These studies were concentrated only to chronic back pain treated with psychosocial interventions in adults. The inclusion criteria for selected studies for the review was specific to question set for review, which contributed to get a reliable and accurate result from the review. The selected studies were scoring high to moderate quality on PEDro(physiotherapy evidence data base) appraisal tool, which can provide quality data to support the validity of the result. The interventions carried out in these studies differ from basic physical therapy treatment, which highlights importance of the capability of individual physiotherapist. The generalisability of these finding needs to consider as all care settings does not have trained physiotherapist who can provide interventions to achieve bio psychosocial approach in chronic back pain management. The search strategy identified 99 potential sample studies and the final sample was only 9 randomised control studies after filtration through the inclusion criteria. There is potential chance of bias through objectivity as because there is chance for choice of articles to support the authors viewpoint. . The review gives the strong evidence for the bio psychosocial approach for the management of chronic back pain. The similarity or homogeneity of studies involve d in this review broadening the applicability of bio psychosocial approach by an individual physiotherapist who has appropriate knowledge and capability to carry out the interventions The study reported that individual physiotherapist who manages the bio psychosocial approach for the treatment of chronic back pain is effective as multidisciplinary management of chronic back pain .As it sounds cost effective and may more feasible for patient because of one to one interaction further research must be essential the to promote individual physiotherapy approach. .Waxman et al. (2008) conducted an observational study to examine the impact of psychosocial factors in chronic back pain patients and their relationship satisfaction. The observed sample included was24 men and 30women(N=54) with chronic low back pain who were married or cohabitating and were recruited through chronic pain clinic. The finding from the study reported that depression and negative partner response have significant impact on relationship satisfaction among chronic back pain patients. Table:2 Standardized regression (Path) Coefficients of mediational models with psychosocial variables as mediators of pain and relationship for total sample (Waxman et al. 2008,p.438) The total effect of pain on relationship satisfaction was significant,B=-.32p The association between pain and depression was significant=.63p Indirect effect of pain on relationship satisfaction through depression was significant =-.21,p The relation between pain and negative responses was significant=.38,p The indirect effect of pain on relationship satisfaction through negative response was significant indirect effect =-.20p From this significant evidence reveals that negative response by partner is also a mediator of pain and relationship satisfaction The study reported significant evidence to reveal the relation between various components in bio psychosocial model which include pain(bio),relationship satisfaction(social) depression(psycho) perceived negative response(psychosocial) . (SeeApeedix:5) Reflecting the study back to the case of Mrs smith Its not clear about her partners involvement in her treatment, but she was showing signs and symptoms of depression which might contributed to the chronic nature of pain. The study result underscores the importance of partner involvement in patients pain assessment and treatment the study. In clinical practise there is a need to promote education programme for partners of patients with chronic back pain as part of treatment plan to achieve bio psychosocial approach. When reflecting this finding to clinical practise which explain the reason why the widow or patients who lives alone are more vulnerable candidates for the chronic nature of the pain. These finding consistent with previous following study results .Future research need to consider to compare self reported data from both patients and partners to know the response and behaviours that related to pain. The ethical consideration was done on study as the study was approved by the local IRB, and written consent was obtain from patients as a proof or willingness also promotes the strength of the study. The reliable tools used for data collection was rigor to the study. The recruitment method for sample selection was based on self selection which can contribute to selection bias, which can affect the rigor of the study. The patients who has greater pain and psychological symptoms may not take initiative to participate in the study. The results in this study were based on self-reported outcomes from the questionnaires that were sent to the patients, which makes the data subjective and are most likely to be true and contribute to the rigor of the study, can promote the rigor of the study. The study also reported that the approximate time for completion of questionnaires was 45 minutes. The reliability of data can affect because of length of time especially these patient who are with pain and psychological symptoms. The study is ranked as class 3c on the hierarchy of evidence considering the design and methods employed in the study. The evidence reaffirms the bio psychosocial model for assessment and treatment of chronic back pain. Tang et al. (2008) conducted an experimental study to examine effects of mood on pain responses and pain tolerance in chronic back pain patients. The recruited sample was 55 patients suffering from chronic back pain aged between18-65.The patients were randomly allocated into three groups ,depressed group:18,neutral group19 elated group:18.The the participants were asked to perform a baseline task (reading magazine) to establish a baseline for mood and pain ratings. An artificial mood was induced to participants (musical mood induction)and followed by pain provoking task(holding a heavy bag) to assess the pain rating and tolerance. The study result proved that the participants with depressive mood showed high pain ratings and lower pain tolerance at rest, but happy mood induction resulted in lower pain ratings and higher pain tolerance. The table:3 shows that depressive mood positively correlated with increase in pain ratings(Tang et al. 2008,p.399) The participants were manipulated to examine the effect of artificially induced mood on artificially induced pain which may affects the reliability result when it apply into real mood and pain of chronic back pain patients. Even though researcher adapted a pre-determined mood change criteria to judge the effectiveness of mood on the participants during the study. This can contributed to rigour to study and it can promotes the reliability of the result. The sample population was aged between 18-65,tolerence of induced mood and pain may not be same between these age groups .The difference in sex also can affect the mood and pain tolerance. The Researcher failed to mention about the method of randomisation to overcome confounding factors. Blinding not performed and can affects the performance bias The study design was experimental designwhich comes under level 1a in hierarchy. This study also proved that music therapy is effective to improve pain and pain tolerance in chronic back pain patients. It agrees with (Guetin 2005),music therapy is a effective complementary treatment in chronic back pain associated anxiety-depression and behavioural consequences. Future research needs to consider for evaluating the effectiveness music therapy as part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Bio psychosocial approach for assessment helps to identify the matching treatment for patients based on their characteristics and refine the focus of treatments and achieve effective outcome. Even though there are weaknesses for this study it proved that mood can influence the pain. The result is consistent with Waxman et al.(2008 ) discussed in previous study. These studies highlights the importance of cognitive behavioural therapy in bio psychosocial rehabilitation for chronic back pain patients NICE(2009). Mitchell et al. (2009) conducted a cross sectional study to evaluate the role of personal bio psychosocial factors on low back pain, in nursing students. The results proved that modifiable life style, psychological, physical factors were relates to low back pain in nursing students. One hundred and seventy undergraduate nursing students from two university nursing schools of western Australia were enrolled for this study. The study compared three groups of students (no LBP group, mild LBP group significant LBP group) and reported that students with significant low back pain were more physically active compared to no low back pain group group. The DASS total score and stress subscale score were higher in significant low back pain group compared to NO LBP group .The study also reported that social measures did not influence their pain intensity. The study result mentioned that the social measures including household income and smoking did not affect the significant low back pain patients. This cannot be generalized into general population types, as it conducted on healthy university sample may not be much influenced by social factors. There are contrasting findings which mention the relation between low back pain and social measures(Shiri et al.2009) Study gives the evidence for sufficient statistical power and ethical consideration. The researcher used triangulation in data collection, which overcome the limitations of a single method of collecting data and hence increased the validity of the results. The results of this study were based on self-reported (questionnaire) outcomes that were collected from patients. It can contribute to validity of the results, because they are more subjective and most likely true. The inclusion criteria on sample selection was appropriate to focus bio psychosocial approach in chronic back pain patients, as the criteria excluded patients with inflammatory disorders ,neurological or metastasis disease, pregnancy or less than 6 months postpartum. The study was conducted as cross sectional study which classified in to class 3c on level of evidence.,and researcher failed to include other factors like fear avoidance and genetic factors. This study was carried out in the Australia and their socio cultural factors and life style may differ from United Kingdom , decreasing the accuracy of reproducing these results to UK practice.Even though study result is consistent with other studies conduced in united kingdom . In the area of practice physical and psychosocial factors has important role on experiencing low back pain among healthcare professionals and potential candidates, which reflects the necessity of education related to stress management such as relaxation techniques and meditation and mandatory manual handling training. Job stress and fear related to pain are mediators to inability to return to work Gheldof et al.(2005) The high prevalence rate of low back pain highlights the importance of targeting prevention interventions among healthcare professionals and patients. The case study of patient discussed has not had much benefit from the conventional treatment pattern and showed clear evidence of personnel and psychological factors that can contribute to pain. The understanding of bio psychosocial factors helps to find out cause diagnosis treatment and prevention of chronic back pain Suprina (2003) conducted a case study to discuss the efficacy of bio psychosocial model. The sample for this study was a 32-year-old woman who suffers from chronic back pain for almost ten years and study reported that bio psychosocial model helps the women for successful reduction of symptoms. This study also proves that single practitioner can plan bio psychosocial model for the treatment of chronic back pain. The researcher reports that the treatment can be more effective when implementing one person integration model than multidisciplinary approach as it has easy access to patient also saves money and time. This study classified under level 3d as this is a study of only one individual. There is chance of performance bias as the subject blinding done in this study . Even though it is individual case study it agrees with widely accepted bio psychosocial model. The study reveals that all health professional should consider individual patient as one with complex behaviours and emotions and not just organism with physiological changes .The researcher who conducted this st udy in United states is supporting the one-person integration model, practicability of this one- person integration model in United kingdoms clinical practise is questionable because the way of clinical practise may vary in different countries. The current trouble within heath care system in European countries is relegate mainly to biomedical perspective and not considering psychosocial aspects because of time constrict and inadequate training. Mauksch (2005) compared the current state of bio psychosocial approach to a dormant seed, which is sitting on the shelf, which need to be watered with bio psychosocial education by health care professionals and placed in an environment fertile with bio psychosocial practise. The knowledge about bio psychosocial approach helps healthcare professionals for better assessment and treatment of patients, which also agrees with case study discussed. Currie and Wang (2004) examined prevalence and correlation between major depression and chronic back pain. The data collected from 118,533 household residents from Canadian community health survey .The study result showed that low back pain is significant factor as a predictor for major depression (Fig:1). Individuals with severe pain intensity represented highest risk of major depression(odds ratio,1.61;95%confidence interval L:1.34-1.97;p Fig1:Prevalence of major depression(MD)in persons with chronic back pain stratified by pain severity . Currie and Wang (2004,p.55) The study also proved that individuals with chronic back pain and major depression were younger and they were more likely to be single and younger. The personal factors play an important role for contribution to low back pain which agrees with Mitchell et al. (2009). The episode of depression were measured by WHOS fully structured diagnostic interview, Composite International Diagnostic Interview -Short Form for depression. Which produce internal validity to the study.(scott et.al.(2000), The study mentioned that this is the largest sample size(118,533 residents)ever used in population -based study of chronic pain and depression. This sample size from national population health survey gives power to the study and promotes the reliability and generalisability of the results. The sample included in the study was aged from 12 years .As age, gender and cultural factors have an influence on level of perceived pain and influence of depression,these are important factors to consider to avoid selection bias and to make the study rigorous. The researcher used multi staged stratified random sampling procedure in the study would have added rigor to the study. The population for this study was from Canadian community health survey. As we discussed cultural factors and personal factors has influence in experiencing pain and depression in individual, reflection of the results into United Kingdom population may be not accurate. Even though study result is consistent with other studies conduced in United Kingdom The study was conducted as cross sectional study which classified in to class 3c on level of evidence Mrs smith case report also illustrates signs and symptoms of depression, which could contribute to her chronic back pain. She was lacking multidisciplinary  Ã‚   bio psychosocial rehabilitation in her treatment. Multidisciplinary  Ã‚   bio psychosocial rehabilitation with functional restoration reduces pain and improves function in patients with chronic low back pain(Lang et al.2003,P.270), (Demoulin et al.2010). Woby et al.(2007)aimed a study to determine the relation between cognitive factors and level of pain and disability in chronic back pain and reports that pain intensity and disability strongly related to cognitive factors . The sample selected for the study was 183 C L B P(chronic low back pain) patients with onset of back pain>3 months who had been referred to an physiotherapy rehabilitation programme which underpinned by cognitive-behavioural principles and revealed that higher levels of functional self -efficacy (b=0.40;p The researcher used triangulation in data collection, which overcome the limitations of a single method of collecting data and hence increased the validity of the results. As all data collected by self reported measures the validity of data can be affected by social desirability .The selection bias in sample selection needs to be considered because patients selected for study was from rehabilitation programme, who had been referred to cognitive behavioural based intervention. It indicates that sample may be already affected with psychosocial factors, which can affect the validity of the result. The results suggest that psychosocial factors should consider as integral facet for treatments for chronic low back pain. The cause of chronic pain in case Mrs smith should have been identified by the team involved in her care than trying to alleviate her suffering through the conventional treatment like pain killers.  The pathway in fig:2 explaining Mrs smith painful experience, disability and its recovery, which also agrees with the Woby et al.(2007)study results. Mauksch (2005) reported that average visiting length between physician and patient is highly stressed for 15 minutes in primary care system in European countries, which may possibly happened with Mrs smith case, which emphasis the need of the adequate structured training to all healthcare professionals to practise bio psychosocial model with in limited time. Fig2: Revised fear-avoidance model incorporating the mediational role of functional self-efficacy (Woby et al.2007,p.716). The health care professionals should understand that the psychosocial factors are very important prognostic factors in the prediction of chronic pain and disability. 2.3 Bio psychosocial model can promote patient satisfaction -evidence from study Margalit et al.(2004) conducted a experimental study to find out the effect of bio psychosocial approach for patient satisfaction in their care. The study confirms that bio psychosocial model approach can reduce the heath care expenditures and can promote patients satisfaction.( Table:2,appendix:6). The study sample was 44 general practitioners randomly selected from 523 practitioners who works with North Israel district. Again researcher used randomisation to allocate teaching methods, which gives rigour to the study. In this study he compared pre teaching effect and post teaching effect of two teaching interventions with two groups of general practitioners. The first method (didactic) consisted with reading assignments and lectures. The second method consist (interactive) consisted with role-play and group discussions. The result reported that the interactive teaching method elicited higher patient satisfaction. Finestone et al. (2008) included a set of suggestion for physician to introduce bio psychosocial model in his study. Fig:4(Appendix:3). There are limitations to this study. The method of randomisation is not mentioned on this study. The researcher highlighted the reasons for dropouts of patients from study but not mentioned anything about intention to treat analysis. Even though recruited sample were consented, the researcher did not request approval from institutional review board. There is chance of bias through hawthrown effect because subjects known that they are video taping for the study. It is worth mentioning that the study is conducted in Israel and application of the results to UK clinical practise needs to consider as their teaching method may differ. This study highlights the importance of interactive assessment to achieve bio psychosocial model treatment. Future researches are needed to support this study result and apply to UK clinical practise. 3.0 Conclusion: The systematic review conducted by George (2008) reported after that bio psychosocial approach for assessment and treatment of chronic back pain can make the successful reduction of symptoms . This study result also agrees with Suprina (2003) and Margalit et al.(2004) which reported that the approach can reduce the health care expenditures and can promote patients satisfaction .these studied also proved that single trained practitioner can achieve bio psychosocial model for the assessment and treatment of chronic back pain. Tang et al. (2008) , Currie and Wang (2004) and Waxman et al .(2008)also reported the same fact which explains the relation between depression and pain intensity. Depression can significantly leads to higher pain ratings and higher pain ratings can also leads to severe depression. The studies also proved that psychosocial factors like fear avoidance behaviour, stress ,negative responses by a partner and cognitive factors are contributing to chronic back pain. The cross sectional study conducted by Mitchell et al.(2008) reported that modifiable personal factors like lifestyle,physical sctvity can contribute to low back pain. After extrapolating the results and considering the nature of the studies, the findings suggest that bio psychosocial factors have important contribution to low back pain. One of these factors could trigger the other and vice versa. In practice, it is difficult, rather impossible, to dissociate one factor from the other, which emphases the importance of bio-psycho-social treatment approach. References . . . Balaguà ©, F., Mannion, A., Pellisà © , F. and Cedraschi, C. 2007 Clinical update: low back pain. The Lancet, 369(9563), pp.726-728. Breen, A., Austin, H., Campion-Smith, C., Carr, E. and Mann, E. 2007 You feel so hopeless: A qualitative study of GP management of acute back pain. European Journal of Pain, 11(1), pp.21-29. Currie, S. and Wrang, J. (2004) Chronic back pain and major depression in the general Canadian population. Pain, 107(1), pp.54-60. Demoulin, C., Grosdent, S., Capron, L., Tomasella, M., Somville, P., Crielaard, J. M. and Vanderthommen, M. (2010) Effectiveness of a semi-intensive multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation program in chronic low back pain. Joint Bone Spine, 77(1), pp.58-63 Egwu, M. and Nwuga, V. (2008) Relationship between low back pain and life-stressing events among Nigerian and Caucasian patients. Physiotherapy, 94(2), pp.678-688. Finestone, H., Alfeeli , A. and Fisher, W. (2008) Stress-induceed physiologic changes as a basis for the Bio psychosocial model of chronic musculokeletal pain. Clinical Journal of pain, 24(9), pp.767-775. Guà ©tin, S., Portet , F., Picot , M. C., Pommià ©, C., Messaoudi, M., Djabelkir, L., Olsen , A. L., Cano , M. M., Lecourt, E. and Touchon, J. (2009) Effect of music therapy among hospitalized patients with chronic low back pain: a controlled, randomized trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med, 53(1), pp.3-14. Gheldof, E., Vinck, J., Vlaeyen, J., Hidding, A. and Crombez, G. (2005) The differential role of pain, work characteristics and pain-related fear in explaining back pain and sick leave in occupational settings. Pain, 113(1,2), pp.71-81. Johnston , V., Jimmieson , N., Jull, G. and Souvlis, Tina . (2009) Contribution of individual, workplace, psychosocial ;and physiological factors to neck pain in female office workers. European Journal of Pain, 13(9), pp.985-991. Jull, G. and Sterling, M. (2009) Bring back biopsychosocial model for neck pain disorders. Manual therapy, 14(2), pp.117-118. Kirka, L., Underwoodb, M., Chappellc, L., Martins-Mendezd, M. and Thomas , P. (2005) The effect of osteopathy in the treatment of chronic low back pain-a feasibility study. International journal of osteopathic medicine, 8(1), pp.5-11. Lang, E., Liebig, K., Kastner, S., Neundà ¶rfer, B., Heuschmann, P. and (2003) Multidisciplinary rehabilitation versus usual care for chronic low back pain in the community: effects on quality of life. The Spine Journal, 3(4), pp.270-276. Margalit, A. P. A., Glick, S. M., Benbassat, Jochanan and Cohen, A. (2004) Effect of a bio psychosocial approach on patient satisfaction and patterns of care. Journal of general internal medicine, 19(5), pp.485-491. Mauksch.Larry (2005) But first,training in biopsychosocial care :A Commentary on The Bio psychosocial Model Is Shrink Wrapped ,on the Shelf, Ready to be used ,but waiting for a new process of care. Families Systems, Health, 23(4), pp.448-449. Mitchell, T., Osullivan, P., Smith, A., Burnett, A., Straker, L., Thornton, J. and Rudd, C. (2009) Bio psychosocial factors are associated with low back pain in female nursing students: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(5), pp.678-688. Negrini, S., Fusco, C., Atanasio, S., Romano , M. and Zaina , F. (2008) Low back pain :State of art. European journal of pain supplements, 2(1), pp.52-56. NICE. (2009)

Non-Depletable Energy Resources Essay -- Fossil Fuels Environmental, R

Non-Depletable Energy Resources Today, much of the world’s energy comes from the processing of fossil fuels like oil, natural gas, and coal. These fossil fuels, however, will not last forever. Fossil fuel supplies are slowly but surely dwindling in numbers and one day we will run out. We need to find different ways to generate energy. Another reason to find different ways to generate energy is that the burning and processing of fossil fuels emit NOx, SOx, CO2, and other particulate matter that is harmful to our environment and our health. Some may argue that nuclear energy power plants is the way that our society should generate energy, however, the nuclear waste it produces and the extreme dangers that exist if a plant were to blow up emitting radioactive material across a large span of area make me question its benefits. I think that society should turn to non-depletable resources such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and hydroelectric energy for our energy needs. Why turn to the non-depletable energy resources? The answer is simple. All of these energy resources depend on renewable resources to generate power. No matter what we will never run out of wind, sunlight, water, or the heat that is in the core of the earth. There is no need to worry about dwindling supplies. Also, people have been using non-depletable resources for years. Hydroelectricity dates back to the Greeks of the 1st BC who used hydroelectricity to grind wheat and flour. The Persians had there own form of a wind mill in 500- 900 AD. The Paleo- Indians of North America even used geysers which would later be used for geothermal energy as a spa like refuge. Although there are some social and environment... ...Grand Vent is â€Å"that the combination of consistent offshore wind, modern turbine technology, and unused oil platforms can produce clean, inexpensive power for Louisiana.† (Source 2) I am a person that is very concerned with the environment. I think that we should do whatever it takes to keep the world we live in safe and clean. We as a society need to study and fully develop these non-depletable resources. Their environmental and social implications are minor compared to the use of fossil fuels and to nuclear energy. The costs will be minimized once we fully develop them and put them into full use. Works Cited Class Notes http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/classactivities/energyarticles.html http://www.solar4power.com/ http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/reporting/human/energy/renewable.html

Computerized Enrollements System

INTRODUCTION The slow processing of enrollment is a levy issued for all schools. All schools like colleges, secondary, and elementary school uses registration form for the enrollees. The students will sign and full-up all the necessary information in order to have their personal file in the school registrar. The manual registration form is the first and common used for enrollment registration. This kind of processing of enrolment is wasting time. Students spend a lot of time to fall in line for how many hours to complete their requirements during enrollments. Most of time enrollees are go and fort between different offices, they need to fall n line for how many hours to get a lot of enrollment form and fill-up and sign it. From the registrar to the their respective dean, for the schedule of their subjects, for their assessment and to the accounting office. This kind of manual form of enrollment can be very wasting a lot of time. Acquiring and processing documents for assessment takes a lot of time to process. This is because; documents are manually acquired, evaluated, and processed. Slow processing of assessment is also aggravated when documents from persons file is lost or misplaced since they only used file cabinet as storage of data and no back-up strategies is available.Inconsistency of data is encountered in locating file, because enrollment for mare manually written, and manually computed for their assessment. Enrollment form data and checked manually for accuracy, HR staff chasing down employees to determine who has compute the process, benefit calculation by hand, manual entry of enrollment information into and carrier site or manual entry of deductions amount into the payroll system, and paper work filled and store. The paper –based manual method of open enrollment also incurs a soft cost that cannot measured. Employee dissatisfaction. Employees today are not happy with the level of ommunication they receive from traditional open enrollment. Mo st schools, businesses or establishments facing the same kind of problems, most of them sought a solution to help them aid these problems, to offer the best possible services to their enrollees or clients. Through the advancement of technology, they’ve used various software application to computerized some processes but lack features that fit their needs. In this regards, most of them sought to have customized information system. Nowadays computer serves as an important role in our society, most especially in school remise. It works easier and faster. It lessen errors and work by using machines. It reduces costs to an organization from paper work-up to computerized working system. A system designed to perform the process involved in registration, advertizing, assessments, and payments of the students as well as scheduling of classes. A new automated enrollment system was proposed and passed by the administration just recently. According to the chair person of the department o f Information Technology and System, this enrollment system will push through on the first semester of School Year 2009- 010. According to the source: the Computerizes Enrollment System will automatically get the students subject/section for hassle-free enrollment. This is for student without any pending back subject while for students with pending back subject, they still need to meet their department chair/coordinators first for the advising of subjects before using the enrolment system. The system design project, system that will provide the needed and storing information in a faster, more convenient way by storing file of the student enrollees in a computer system that ill lessen the effort of faculty staff and storing files of each students every now and then. This will also serve as information especially for the irregular students, freshmen, transferee, returnee and professor in able to get access in course. Subject, professor, and students enrollees. This information where c an be viewed in just a second without worrying that a single file lost. The idea behind enrolment system is not a new concept. As a student’s enrollees increase every year enrolment procedure become harder to deal. This will only serve to increase the problem facing enrollment that provides more easy way in enrolling.This will be a big help to all the enrolment staff especially to those under the computer department because they are the one who are entitled to touch and read the information from here. It will help our institution to have another system that will upgrade the enrollment processes so as to meet the quality that our institutions are trying to meet. October 1st will see the biggest change in the UK pension system since in inception as auto-enrolment begins to become integrated. By the end of the year some 600,000 people are expected to be enrolled into the new system that automatically diverts funds from their pay packet.The Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) h as outlined more details on the number of people expected to be signed up during the initial waves. It estimates that 380,000 workers will be signed up in October, a total of 420,000 will be enrolled by the end of November, and 600,000 will be in place by the end of the year. WH Smith has selected an administration system to comply with its auto-enrolment obligations from 1 March 2013. The system automatically identifies and enrolls relevant employees into the chosen pension scheme, provides communication and administration processes, and handles refunds if an employee opts out.The system is provided by Ceridian UK, which already supplies the retailer with its HRevolution Saas system for its 16,000 employees’ online pay slips. â€Å"Standard-alone Soft Ware/web system† for enrollment are another common approach. This spectrum involved the complementation of an automated solution to process open enrollment. The key business drivers for eliminating a paper-based process and replacing it with an automated process are :Reduction in the time it takes to process open enrollment. Elimination of the cost of producing and storing paper materials. Mitigating the possibility of human errors Increasing employee satisfaction.Employees are not the only ones who benefit from enrollment automation. Thanks to the customizable, rules-based validation capability present with this technology, the system will catch errors and incomplete information, prompting employees to make changes as needed. Additionally, managers and administrators can run reports to discover who still needs to complete the process and send automated reminders, without having to chase down employees on a one-on-one basis. The workload on HR staff is greatly reduced, as employees can handle their own enrollment tasks. Research has shown that employees and administrators are still dissatisfied ith the level of information and analysis tools that are available with many stand-alone benefit enrollme nt applications. The fundamental issue is that in order to make informed healthcare decisions, employees, HR administrators, and financial buyers need access to data commonly found in HR/Benefits and workforce management systems. Access to demographic information alongside of benefit participation data allows a company to analyze trend so that no group is overpaying or under-utilizing the benefits. Data can be segmented into employee groups by: age, family status, location, need, pay scales, and multiple combinations of the aboveSynchronizing data between the benefit enrollment software and the day-to-day HR/Benefit system is key to achieving this because employee data is always changing. This includes: Changing departments, Changing pay-grades, Changing locations, Changing family status, Changing work status and more The Completely Integrated Single System, one database approach is the best option available today. The need to make more information available to employees, and the ne ed to streamline processes even further, are what drive many companies into the third and most advanced phase of their open enrollment evolution.This is the sweet-spot, where businesses integrate their benefits enrollment system with their HR/Benefits and workforce management platforms to develop a truly comprehensive, integrated approach. When open enrollment is deployed as a complete, full-service package, an organization can: empower an employee’s decision process by providing all information they need including paystubs, HR, business rules and workforce management through one interface, enter and update all employee information in one place, maintain up-to-date data throughout the open enrollment process. now that data integrity is assured from system to system. Enrolment System are viable choices for schools, training programs, work place operations, educational institutions, such as colleges, and grade schools are assessed for a case. Online automated system is which ac cepts and organize enrollee information, can boost productivity. System operations proceeds faster, more efficiently and with greater accuracy than manual enrolment system. Programs are comprehensive and capable of handling all interrelated processes including: completion of all related forms, development, organizations, and maintenance of files.Creation of master lists; other special reports. Free assessments and balances. Departmentalized accounts receivable reports; class schedules and records updates. Garcia (2002) created also the LSPZ Computerized Enrollment System. The study can be a great help to person concerned during the enrollment period. The registrar, the instructors of the students lessen the burden manually browsing over enrollment slip for record purposes. Dioso (2004) stated that computer assists careful intelligent planning organizing, actuating and controlling. This maybe observed from the past that they monitor production ctivities, solve scientific problem and help arrive in tentative answer to a multitude of involve condition Computer generated enrolment solutions afford students choices like options for payment, 24/7 that can benefit the whole operation. System typically include data protection and back up frameworks. Student’s enrollees have access to their personal information only. School personnel are able to keep up with teacher and students grades, pint averages and other pertinent identification data, such as grades, quizzes and any other modules that are considered necessary for efficient administration.Modification in school policies and requirements are easily edited online. Carrier guidance and evaluations are facilitated and traceable. What the online enrolment program effectively amount to is a self-service. On-demand students and administrators friendly guide and process optimizer. Employee workload is decreased and administrators can spend more time giving students more personalized attention and encouragement. Als o, the enrollment system is compatible with mobile app version for students and school staff. Some resources are available on download. com or torrent downloader. More reference links. ww. oppapers. com. www. scribd. com. This enrolment process in school is required by Information Technology. The objective of Information Technology is to help humanity from doing loads of work overtime. By having computerized system, the cost during enrolment will be cut down and much effort will be reduces. The project involves a series of studies that course all the requirements of creating a computerized enrolment system. The goal of the study is to provide an efficient computer-based system that will easily update, retrieve, and maintain students records. The developer concern is o make a system that will help to speed up process. Slow registration processing cannot blame anyone, because of the larger total population of the enrollees. School staff who incharge for the enrolment also encountered a lot of comments the the enrollees. They also encounter different kind of problems, stress and many more during the enrolment. The researcher aims to gather and record the effects of computerized enrollment system at Kings College of the Philippines from the enrolment of first semester from the School Year 2013 according to its status and year level of the enrollees.Kings College of the Philippines (formerly Eastern Luzon College ELC Benguet) started from the year of 2004. Located Pico La Trinidad Benguet. It has been educated institution for nine (9) years now. Reverend Kwon Young Soo from korea is the founder of the said school. service inside the school weekly and during and every Sunday. One of the problems of Kings College of the Philippines during enrolment was the generation of forms. The students needed to fill-up a lot of copies of a registration form (copy for the students, accountant, registrar and dean). Students were consuming a lot of time in doing such.Since students are manually filling-up the official documents of the school, data redundancy has a great possibility in causing further complexity in the enrolment process. The enrolment itself can be considered as a problem for the students. From evaluation to validation. It is a long process and students have to go back and fort in different offices to complete the enrolment procedures. It can be tiring and such a waste of effort for them. Another problem of the school was each of enrollment personnel especially in the accounting department which only had two (2) personnel to accommodate all the students during nrolment and payment of fees. The outcome was that the school had a hard time in accoumodating large number of students and that made it hard for other students to wait in line. For the past Seven (7) years the Kings College of the Philippines using manual process of enrolment. Enrollees need to fill-up a lot of registration forms and it is wasting time. A lot of enrollees did not unders tand or did not know what they will write on their form because no one can guide or assess them. On the other way the accountant or registrar cannot understand what had the enrollees written in the registration form.Or sometimes the enrollees did not fill-up the form very well. It is October 2011, second semester enrolment when the Kings College of the Philippines used the computerized enrolment system. It is not only for the enrollees but also for the guidance. Accounting office and registrar. Library and many more. The idea of using this system was came from one of the Professor and the Accounting incharged Mr. Heginio Clyde Abellanosa. At present the Kings College of the Philippines using the enrolment system. The computer laboratory 4 is the encoding area of the said school. You can fill up all the necessary nformation, you can choose all the subject and schedule that you want and in a second you can get your enrolment form together with the total of your tuition fee. After that you can now proceed to the accounting office for you payment. Every now and then they can monitor the list by course of enrollees. The total numbers of enrollees from its year level. And so the total number of enrollees per semester. From this system you can monitor the record, list of payments or balances. The respective dean of the department can monitor their students in their own offices. METHODOLOGY This chapter contains research design used by the author.The procedure that were used in this study namely: population and locale of the study, data collection instrument and statistical treatment of data. The method of research applied also in this research . This type of research aims to describe the data and characteristics of the case being studied. The idea behind this research is to study frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations. Although this research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind the situation. Descriptive research is mainly done when a researcher wants to gain a better understanding of a topic.Explanatory research was also used by the researcher which is defined as carried out to ascertain that the occurrence of or the changes in the variable which leads to out comes as presented. Through this research, the researcher was able to find out how much variation is caused by another variable. This was appropriate for this study since it helped the researcher to have a better out come in terms of the description of the data in this research. Research Design This study entitled â€Å"Computerized Enrollment System: it’s effect to the enrollees ofKings College of the Philippines particularly to the Criminology students is a descriptive method of research was used in this study. This type of research is to study frequencies, average and other statistical calculations. Descriptive reasons are defined as involving collection of data in order to answer the questions concerning the current status of the study. I n this study questionnaire was the main data-collection tools. It is the most common used to gather information regarding the students that was utilized, in order to evaluate the effects of Computerizes Enrollment System to the respondents.It helped the researcher to have a better outcome in terms of the description of the data in this research. The questionnaire answered by the respondents consist of socio-demographic profile and the affects of the Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students. This design is used to get information fasts. Population and Locale of the Study This study is conducted at the Benguet Provincial Capitol Assessor’s Office to gather the information needed in the study. The personnel in charge in the office were the respondents.The primary data to be gathered from the respondents were the possible solutions to the problems most often encountered in handling existing Real P roperty Tax Assessment transactions. This study was conducted at Kings College of the Philippines. Located at Pico. La Trinidad, Benguet during first semester of the school year 2013. The data was based on the enrollees enroled in the College of Criminal justice Education to gather the information needed in the study The case study entitled â€Å"Computerized Enrollment System: its affect to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students†.The case stated that the school’s enrollment process are time consuming, redundant students records, and has a slow retrieval of students record. The researcher dealt with transferees, freshmen, irregular students, returnee and professor, its effect to every enrollee. The researcher study how does it works faster than the manual form of enrolment. Sketch of Kings College of the Philippines Conceptual Framework The socio demographic profile of the enrollees such as age, and type of school gra duated from. Year level and status could be possibly affected to the enrollees on the computerized enrolment system.The present studies are used to determine the computerized enrolment system and its affect to the respondents. This study is delaminated on the Computerized Enrolment System: and its affect to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students. Paradigm of the Study The operational paradigm of the study is where the Computerized Enrolment System, its affects and intervening variables are enumerated. Figure 1. Paradigm of the study shows the different variables of the study Independent Variable Dependent Variables Computerized Enrollment System Features | 1. Registration 2. Assessment 3.Systematic Enrollment 4. School Fee Management 5. Computerized Student Account 6. Class Schedule 7. Secure Login System 8. Student RecordsOther: | A. Level of Computerized Enrollment System affecting the enrolleesRate:3-Very effective2-Effective1-N ot effectiveB. Effect to the Students5-Always4-Often3-Sometimes2-Seldom1-Never| Dependent Variables So-Socio-demographic profile| 1. Age 2. Type of Secondary Educational Attainment 3. Year Level 4. Status | Statement of the Problem Enrollment plays a very serious role in every school premise. It is very important in every school and it acts as their foundation.Each school has their own system in handling their enrollment. And for them to accommodate many students, they need to computerize their enrollment system, for them to make their work easier and easy to manage. The respondents are the students of College of Criminal justice Education. From first year to forth year. It consists of ______students. _____from 1st year, ______from the 2nd, _____ from 3rd year, _______from 4th year students. This study seeks to find and assess the effects of Computer Enrollment System to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students at Pico, LaTrinidad Be nguet. Particularly it seeks to: 1. Describe the Computerizes Enrollment System affecting the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students. 2. Identify the level of importance of Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees Of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students. 3. Recognized the degree of problem encountered by the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly in criminology students. 4. Identify why they used the Computerized Enrollment System The following hypothesis was tested in the study: 1.The effect of Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students are modified. 2. The level of importance of Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines are determined 3. The degree of problems encountered by the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the crimi nology students are Data Collection Tool The researcher has observed the Computerizes Enrolment System already. The utilization on the survey of the information flow within the Kings College of the Philippines.The questionnaire consists of the following: PartI1 it is the form of check mark wherein the socio-demographic profile such as: age, type of secondary educational attainment, year level and status of the enrollees. Part II it is the form of check mark wherein the level of Computerized Enrollment System that affect the enrollees is enumerated based on the observation. Part III it is the form of check mark wherein the level of importance of Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees particularly to the criminology students. Most inquires written in the questionnaire were made by the researcher and other were ased on their observation. Statistical Treatment Data The data presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data gathered from the system were tallied tabulated. They were treated weighted mean to Computerized Enrollment System. Its affect to the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the Criminology students. This treatment are necessary information sought without losing its validity. It was used to enhance the researcher a clearer analysis and easier interpretation. The data come up with the _____1st years, ______2nd years, _____3rd years, ____and 4th year enrollees of Criminology.It discusses the number of problems in using manual registration form from the number and status of enrollees for the first semester enrolment school year 2013. According to the status of enrollees like returnee, transferee, freshmen, professor and the time and typed of workload lessen. Name: (optional)_______________________ Age: _______15-20, ________21-25, __________26-30 Type of school graduated from: _______Public _________Private Year Level: _____1st year, ______ 2nd year, ________ 3rd year, _______4th year Status: _____Freshmen, _____Old, _____Transferee, ______ Returnee ______ Professor 1.What are the Computerized Enrollment System affecting the enrollees during enrollment of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students? Direction: Please rate the level of Computerized Enrollment System that affects the enrollees during enrollment. Where: 3 -Very Effective2- Effective 1-Not effective Computerized Enrollment System| 3| 2| 1| Registration| | | | Assessment | | | | Systematic Enrollment| | | | School fee management| | | | Secure Login System| | | | Computerized Student Accounts | | | | Class Schedule| | | | Students Records | | | | Other | | | | 2.What are the level of importance of Computerized Enrollment System to t enrollees Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students? Direction: Please rate the importance of Computerized Enrollment System to the enrollees during enrollment. Where: 5-Stongly Agree 4-Agree 3-Disagree 2-Strongly Disagree 1-Undecided Effects t o the Enrollees | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| More personalized attention| | | | | | Decreased workload| | | | | | More efficiency| | | | | | Greater accuracy| | | | | | Faster processing | | | | | | Systematized recording and verifying of data| | | | | | Easier way of registration| | | | | |Reduce redundancy| | | | | | Enrollment forms that are checked manually | | | | | | Lessen errors | | | | | | Fast summarizing of reports| | | | | | Updated reports of payments | | | | | | Other | | | | | | 3. What are the degree of problem encountered by the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly in criminology students? Direction: Please rate the degree of problems encountered by the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly in criminology students. Where: 5-Always 4-Often 3-Sometimes 2-Seldom 1-Never Degree of Problems| 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| Falling line| | | | | | Wasting time| | | | | |Filling-up and signing| | | | | | Encoding | | | | | | Printing | | | | | | Other | | | | | | Objective: The researcher aims to accomplish the following: 1. Determine the specific reason why Computerizes Enrollment System affects the enrollees of Kings College of the Philippines particularly to the criminology students. 2. Determine the positive and negative effects of the Computerized Enrollment System to the students 3. Show the consequence of excessive use of Computerizes Enrollment System to the students. 4. To gather more information, to study its contribution to the students ,and to share out idea about the system to the students.